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| c. 1010 |
| | Firdausi completes his great chronicle of Persian history, the Shah-nama, which becomes established as Iran's national epic | |
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| c. 1020 |
| | The Persian scholar Avicenna, author of encyclopedic works on philosophy and medicine, spends the last part of his life in Isfahan | |
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| 1040 |
| | The Seljuk Turks win a victory at Dandanqan, which gives them a base in the north of Iran and Afghanistan | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | Omar Khayyám, mathematician and astronomer, writes four-line verses, or quatrains, in his spare time | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | The Assassins, a sect of Nizari Ismailis, begin to acquire strongholds in Persia | |
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| 1256 |
| | Hulagu and his horde of Mongols cross the Amu Darya river and move against Muslim Persia | |
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| 1257 |
| | The Persian poet Sa'di publishes his Bustan ('Orchard'), a collection of moral tales in verse | |
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| c. 1265 |
| | Hulagu and his Mongol descendants rule Persia as Il-khans, subordinate to the great khan in the east | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | Tabriz under the Mongol Il-khans is the first centre of Persian miniature painting | |
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| c. 1370 |
| | The Persian poet Hafiz perfects a form of short poem, the ghazal, dwelling on the pleasures of life with an undercurrent of Sufi mysticism | |
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